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When HIV is left untreated, it progresses to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, attacks the body's immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, which are critical for fighting infections. Over time, as HIV continues to replicate and destroy these cells, the immune system becomes increasingly compromised. This progression usually spans several years, but without intervention (such as antiretroviral therapy), the virus will eventually lead to AIDS.

AIDS is characterized by a significantly weakened immune system, making the individual highly vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers that a healthy immune system would typically fend off. The diagnosis of AIDS is made when a person's CD4 cell count drops below a specific threshold, or they develop certain opportunistic infections or cancers associated with the condition.

The other options, while they may refer to serious health conditions, do not represent the progression of HIV. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and Multiple Sclerosis are distinct medical conditions that are not directly linked to the progression of HIV infection. Understanding this progression is crucial for healthcare providers to offer appropriate care and intervene effectively to manage HIV and prevent the onset of AIDS.